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248 By increasing intracellular NAD + concentrations, these compounds enhance SIRT1 activity, therefore supporting energy metabolism, reducing oxidative stress, and suppressing inflammation

SCFAs like butyrate, which are generated through probiotic fermentation of dietary fiber, inhibit HDACs, leading to epigenetic silencing of pro-inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1, TNF-) by downregulating NF-B and upregulating IL-10 by activating STAT3 (98, 102, 103)

Acknowledgements This work was a part of a Ph.D

The LR3 modification reduces IGFBP binding, which means more free IGF-1 is available, amplifying this effect

Include foods rich in D-glucaric acid, like apples and broccoli, which may help support detoxification

10.1074/jbc.M112.424358 31 SrivastavaA